Securing the Skies: Cybersecurity Strategies for Smart City Cloud using Various Algorithams

As smart cities continue to evolve, their reliance on cloud computing technologies becomes increasingly apparent, enabling the seamless integration of data-driven services and urban functionalities. However, this transformation also raises concerns about the security of the vast and interconnected cloud infrastructures that underpin these cities' operations. This paper explores the critical intersection of cloud computing and cybersecurity within the context of smart cities. This research is dealing with challenges posed by the rapid expansion of smart city initiatives and their reliance on cloud-based solutions. It investigates the vulnerabilities that emerge from this technological convergence, emphasizing the potential risks to data privacy, urban services, and citizen well-being. The abstract presents a comprehensive overview of the evolving threat landscape that smart cities face in the realm of cloud computing. To address these challenges, the abstract highlights the importance of proactive cybersecurity strategies tailored specifically to the unique needs of smart cities. It underscores the significance of adopting a multi-layered approach that encompasses robust encryption protocols, intrusion detection systems, threat intelligence sharing, and collaborative efforts among stakeholders. Drawing insights from existing research and real-world case studies, the abstract showcases innovative solutions that leverage advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain to fortify the security posture of smart city cloud infrastructures. It explores the role of data governance, user authentication, and anomaly detection in creating a resilient cybersecurity framework that safeguards critical urban systems

IMPACT OF SAMBAR DEER(Cervus unicoior unicoior) ON THE VEGETATION AT THE HORTON PLAINS NATIONAL PARK

A survey was carried out at the Horton Plains National Park to investigate the influenceof sambar deer on grassland and fares' vegetation. The method adopted was, comparisonof the dominant grassland communities and seedlings in the forested areas with andwithout the effect of deer. Three enclosures (20 m x 5 m) were erected in the grasslandand four enclosures (20 In x 15 m) were erected in the forest to serve as controls (nograzing). Similar areas adjoining the plots were marked with pegs as test areas (withgrazing). Field surveys were carried ou. during the years 1997 and 1998. Incidence andextent of bark damage by sambar deer \Y<JS also examined using a scoring method on sixtransects each measuring 250 lJ1. GSN (Grazing Susceptibility Number) was used as anindicator of the the phytosociological behaviour of sambar in the grassland SummedDominance Ratio (SDR)) was used to calculate the GSN. During the months of January,March. July and October 1997, GSN values for dominant species in the grassland vizPennicetum and Chrysopogon were 184,20,23.75, -3.06 and 18.6,8.1, 17.23, 19.0respectively. The minus GSN value of ).06 indicates that during October Pcnnicctumgrass was not damaged by deer which coincided with the flowering period of thatspecies. Grazing presusure values obtained during the periods July-Sep 97, Sep-Nov 97 .Nov-Jan 98, Jan-Mar 98 for Pennicetum and Chrysopogon were 17, 5.6, -17.6, 5.8 andI, I I, -0.5, 0.9 respectively. Here the minus values indicates heavy grazing. During theperiods of less rain and also during peak lactation periods of sambar, the grazingpressure is high (July-September and November-January) compared to positive values ofgrazing pressure which coincides well with the comparatively high rainfall periods Studiesof the forest vegetation revealed that after a period of two years (1997-1999) 88'% ofseedlings survived (N=1499) in the enclosure but only 73% of the seedlings survived(N= 1488) in the open area. Bark damage is distinct on plants like Cinnamomumovalifolium, Neolitsea fucata, Calopiiyllum walkeri, Eurya japonica, Eleocarpussubvillosus, Syzigium revolutum and rJedyotis lawsoniae all of which have high IV)(Importance Value Indices). Trees with average gbh 28 cm and average height 7 m weremore prone to damage by deer. Only S% of a total of 921 trees were dead due to barkdamage

COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF MIXED-SPECIES BIRD FLOCKS IN WALAUWA TTA-WA TURANA SWAMP FOREST, KALUTARA DISTRICT, WESTERN PROVINCE OF SRI LANKA

Mixed- species foraging bird flocks in Walauwatta-Waturan Swamp Forest (WWSF) were studiedfor a period of six months from February to July in 2001. Field data was collected from 07:00 to18:00 hrs and flocks were followed as long as possible to record their composition. Scan samplingmethod (Altman, 1975) was used to record their behavioural activity, height of feeding, feedingsite and the role of each individual within the flock. Two minute scan samples were done with fiveminute intervals and almost all the birds participating in the flock were scanned within the twominutes time period.The flocking tendency of birds in WWSF was 28.7% and 27 flocks were studied. A total of 31 birdspecies were recorded to participate in mixed-species flocks in WWSF. These include 28 residentand 3 migrate species. Five species were endemic to Sri Lanka. The flock composition varied from3 to 15 species (5.89±2.61) and 4 to 31 individuals (I2.96±7.41). There was a positive correlationbetween the number of species and ~ock size (r= 0.796).Crested Drongo (77.78%) and Black-naped Monarch (70.37%) were the most frequent birds foundin flocks while Sri Lanka Orange-billed Babbler was the most abundant (8.78±3.67 individuals perflock). Territorial species such as Purple-romped Sunbird joined the flock when it was passingthrough their territory. Birds in mixed-species flocks in WWSF were classified as nuclear species,lead species, regular species, and occasional species. 2 major nuclear species (Crested Drongo &Sri Lanka Orange-billed Babbler), 4 lead species (Above two with Malabar Trogon and AsianParadise Flycatcher), 12 regular species, and IS occasional species were identified. Associations ofbird species participating in mixed species flocks in WWSF were studied using cluster analysis.Two main clusters could be identified, one of which could be again divided into two subassociations.The first cluster comprised of Crested Drongo and Black-naped Monarch who showedthe highest level of association. Black Bulbul and Sri Lanka Orange-billed Babbler could not bepooled into any clusters.Different species in mixed species flocks had different optimum height levels of movementthrough the forest and appeared to have characteristic feeding sites. The vertical distribution of theregular species in flocks was consistent. Sri Lanka Orange-billed Babbler was found at a widerange of foraging heights. But, Scarlet Minivet and Black Bulbul were observed mostly in thecanopy and the Crested Drongo was observed in the middle strata of the forest (10 to 20 ft). TheAsian Paradise Flycatcher was observed in the same range. However, other fly catching species(Black-naped Monarch and Tickell's Blue flycatcher) were observed mostly in the 10 to 15ftvertical range. There was an extensive overlap of height ranges between some species. But theywere observed to use different activity/feeding sites. Black-naped Monarch and Velvet-frontedBlue Nuthatch were found in the same height range, but feeding sites utilized by them wasdifferent (foliage and tree trunk respectively). Crested Drongo and Asian Paradise Flycatcher wereobserved to occupy the same vertical height range and feeding sites, but they were using differentfeeding techniques. Even being a small area of 12 ha (CEA, 1994) IIWTOUIIdedby Rubber plantations and homegardens, the Swamp Forest have a considerable flocking tendency with compared to Sinharaja Forest Reserve 30%)(Kotagama et. AI., 1986) and Knuckles Conservation Forest (30.S) (Sbriyani, 2000), thus worth conserve thehabitat

The Assessment of Employees' Training and Development System in a Selected Organization

Import 22/07/2015Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá vzděláváním zaměstnanců ve vybrané organizaci. V teoretické části práce jsou vymezeny základní pojmy, charakterizovány jednotlivé metody vzdělávání na pracovišti i mimo něj, právní rámec vzdělávání pracovníků v organizaci a dotační programy z Evropské unie. Praktická část je zaměřena na společnost PeMaP, s. r. o., její popis, organizační strukturu, postavení na trhu, portfolio výrobků a vize do budoucnosti. V organizaci bylo provedeno dotazníkové šetření a byly vedeny nestrukturované rozhovory s pracovníky organizace. Z interpretace zjištěných údajů vychází závěrečná část s návrhy a doporučeními pro organizaci na zlepšení dosavadního systému vzdělávání pracovníků.The bachelor’s thesis is concentrated with education (training) of employees in the selected company. In the theoretical part there are specification of the basic concepts, characterization of particular methods of education in the workplace and out of the workplace. The legal framework of workers’ education in the organization and programs of grants from the Eupean Union. The practical part is focused on the company PeMaP Ltd., its description, organizational structure, position on the market, portfolio of pruducts and its vison. In the company a questionniare investigation was made and an unstructured interviews were held with workers of organization. From the interpretations of the research follows the last part with a proposals and recommendations for the company to improve present system of workers’ education.115 - Katedra managementuvýborn

A case study in the river catchments of Vembanadu Lake, Southwest India

This thesis Entitled Environmental impact of Sand Mining :A case Study in the river catchments of vembanad lake southwest india.The entire study is addressed in nine chapters. Chapter l deals with the general introduction about rivers, problems of river sand mining, objectives, location of the study area and scope of the study. A detailed review on river classification, classic concepts in riverine studies, geological work of rivers and channel processes, importance of river ecosystems and its need for management are dealt in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 gives a comprehensive account of the study area - its location, administrative divisions, physiography, soil, geology, land use and living and non-living resources. The various methods adopted in the study are dealt in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 contains river characteristics like drainage, environmental and geologic setting, channel characteristics, river discharge and water quality of the study area. Chapter 6 gives an account of river sand mining (instream and floodplain mining) from the study area. The various environmental problems of river sand mining on the land adjoining the river banks, river channel, water, biotic and social / human environments of the area and data interpretation are presented in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 deals with the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of sand mining from the river catchments of Vembanad lake.Cochin University of Science and TechnologyEnvironmental Sciences Division, Centre for Earth Science Studie

Holocene land-sea interactions and landform changes in the coastal lands of Vembanad lagoon, Kerala, SW India

1152-1156The sedimentological, palynological, geomorphological and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) studies of six borehole cores retrieved from the Vembanad basin together with sedimentological studies of 14 surface sediment samples collected from the barrier beach separating the lagoon from nearby sea were analysed for decoding signatures of land – sea interactions in the sedimentary archives of the area. The radiocarbon age of the subsurface sediments varied from 10620±160 yrs BP to 3990±150 yrs BP. Stable isotope studies reveal indications of the dominance of marine components in the basal portions of the borehole sediments of southern sector. Presence of higher order riparian vegetation is noticed in central and northern sectors of the basin before the region being occupied by lagoon waters of the Holocene transgressive phase. The northward drift of sediments was well represented in the mineralogical diversities of the heavy mineral residue, in addition to the northerly deflections of the distributary channels, especially in the northern part of the basin. The lagoon entrances also showed significant changes during the Holocene epoch. The prominent entrance of the lagoon till Late Holocene was at Andhakaranazhi which was indicated by the anomalous presence of pyriboles (pyroxenes + amphiboles) within the sillimanite dominant domain of the sub-surface sedimentary archive. This entrance became inactive during the latter half of the Late Holocene because of sediment build up and subsequent landform changes. Simultaneously, the entrance at Fort Kochi was devoloped for the exchange of water between the lagoon and the sea. </span

Sea level oscillations, climate change and landform evolution in the western coastal lowlands of Trivandrum block in Peninsular India

1145-1151The coastal areas of Kerala falling within the Trivandrum block, in the southern side of the Achankovil Shear Zone (ASZ) of the Peninsular India, host a series of coast perpendicular estuarine basins. These estuarine basins entrenched over the Neogene sediments enfold a nearly complete record of Holocene transgressive-regressive events. Borehole cores retrieved from the fluvial end of these basins show a coarsening upward sequence with sand dominant sediments at the top and clay dominant sediments at the bottom. The high terrestrial inputs resulted from torrential rains in river catchments coupled with the sea level rise during Early – Middle Holocene was instrumental in the development of bay head deltas in the fluvial end and flood tide deltas/islands in the marine end of these estuaries. The faster sea-ward growth than lateral spread of these deltas was responsible for the cut-off of some of the prominent arms of the pre-Holocene estuaries into separate freshwater bodies. The Sasthamkotta kayal, Chelupola and Chittumala chira in the Ashtamudi basin, Kotta kayal and Pola <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">chira in the Paravur basin and Poovankal wetland in the Nadayara basin were evolved by this way. The Pallikkal river debouching into the Kayamkulam lagoon also responded significantly to the Early Holocene climate change and sea level oscillations. The river once debouched into the Kayamkulam estuary at its middle presumably through the Krishnapuram <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Ar, was later took a southerly course linking the Late Pleistocene (confirmed from C14 age of sediments) wetland bodies like Chunakkara Punja, Komallur Punja, Vatta kayal and Valummel Punja, and finally debouched into the southern arm of the estuary near Vatta<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> kayal. Heavy rainfall and beach barrier build up under the rising spells of the sea in the Early – Middle Holocene was responsible for the wetland capturing and diversion of river flow. The Karunagapalli borehole core gave an age of 7270±250 yrs BP for an organic rich sediment sample at a depth of 6.9 m. The Holocene sequence here is 9m thick and rests uncomfortably over the Neogene sediments. This clearly indicates that the river received the present channel configuration only in the second half of Early Holocene. </span

Heavy mineral contents and provenance of Late Quaternary sediments of southern Kerala, Southwest India

749-757Present paper deals with provenance and depositional history of the Late Quaternary sediments including heavy mineral placers in the coastal lands of Kollam district, SW India.  Kollam coast is endowed with estuaries, old coastal plains with ridge-runnel systems and  barrier beaches. Mineralogical analysis reveals that sediments in the estuarine basins that are seen entrenched over the Neogene sedimentary deposits were derived from dual sources.  Heavy mineral residues of the upper estuarine zones are generally garnet bearing and are of alluvial origin.  At the same time, sediments in the lower estuary are garnet-free and are derived from the nearby littoral zones during the tidal processes.  Heavy mineralogical data together with statistical analysis discloses that the garnet and pyribole-free heavy mineral suite in the beaches and nearby coastal plains of the Kollam coast are primarily derived from denudation of the Neogene sedimentary deposits in the coastal lands.  They are evolved during the rising phases of the sea level in the Late Quaternary period